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Derek Ratcliffe

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Derek Almey Ratcliffe (9 July 1929 – 23 May 2005) was one of the most significant British nature conservationists of the 20th century. He was Chief Scientist for the Nature Conservancy Council at the Monks Wood Experimental Station, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, retiring in 1989. Ratcliffe was the author of the 1977 Nature Conservation Review, a document which set out the most important sites for nature conservation in the United Kingdom. He also published various works on nature and conservation.

Biography

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Derek Ratcliffe grew up in Carlisle, and married his wife, Jeannette, in March 1978.[1][2]

Ratcliffe was the first person to discover the link between the use by farmers of pesticides—such as DDT and Dieldrin—and the decline of British populations of birds of prey, particularly the peregrine falcon.[2]

He was instrumental in persuading the UK government to end the tax advantages available for planting non-native conifer forests on Scottish peat bogs, which was threatening the internationally important large wetland area of Caithness and Sutherland known as the Flow Country.

Ratcliffe studied for a PhD at the University of Wales, Bangor, completing it in 1953. He then undertook National Service.[1] He was awarded the British Trust for Ornithology's Bernard Tucker Medal in 1964.[3]

One of his most often cited works is a study on egg shell breakage conducted in the 1960s.[4] Some, including Rachel Carson in her book Silent Spring, have interpreted the study as establishing a causal link between DDT contamination and thinning of egg shells in raptors.

Among his many other [5] studies of the topic are papers on the effect on specific bird species, such as the peregrine falcon,[6] the raven,[7] In these studies he developed "Ratcliffe's Index," considered "a reliable measure of relative shell thickness" [8]

Publications

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Derek Ratcliffe's most important publications include:

  • Plant Communities of the Scottish Highlands (1962, with Donald McVean)
  • A Nature Conservation Review (1977 ISBN 0-521-21159-X)
  • The Peregrine Falcon (Poyser, 1980; expanded second edition 1993)
  • Bird Life of Mountain and Upland (Cambridge University Press, 1991 ISBN 0-521-33123-4)
  • The Raven (Poyser, 1997)
  • In Search of Nature (Broadfield, 2000)
  • Lakeland (Collins New Naturalist, 2002 ISBN 0-00-711304-8)
  • Lapland: a natural history (Poyser, 2005 ISBN 0-7136-6529-7)
  • Galloway and the Borders (Collins New Naturalist, 2007 ISBN 0-00-717401-2. Completed a few days before his death in 2005)

References

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  1. ^ a b Obituary, Des Thompson & H.J.B. Birks British Wildlife Vol. 16 No.6 pp. 410–412, August 2005 ISSN 0958-0956
  2. ^ a b Thompson, Des (30 May 2005). "Obituary: Derek Ratcliffe". the Guardian. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  3. ^ "Medallists". BTO. 2 June 2006. Retrieved 1 December 2008.
  4. ^ Ratcliffe, D. A. (1970). "Changes Attributable to Pesticides in Egg Breakage Frequency and Eggshell Thickness in some British Birds" (PDF). Journal of Applied Ecology. 7 (1): 67–115. Bibcode:1970JApEc...7...67R. doi:10.2307/2401613. JSTOR 2401613.
  5. ^ Ratcliffe, DA (1967). "Decrease in eggshell weight in certain birds of prey". Nature. 215 (5097): 208–10. Bibcode:1967Natur.215..208R. doi:10.1038/215208a0. PMID 6049131. S2CID 4175038.
  6. ^ Ratcliffe, DA (1973). "Studies of the recent breeding success of the peregrine, Falco peregrinus". Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement. 19: 377–89. PMID 4522385.
  7. ^ Marquiss, M.; Newton, I.; Ratcliffe, D. A. (1978). "The Decline of the Raven, Coruvs Corax, in Relation to Afforestation in Southern Scotland and Northern England" (PDF). Journal of Applied Ecology. 15 (1): 129–144. Bibcode:1978JApEc..15..129M. doi:10.2307/2402925. JSTOR 2402925.
  8. ^ Burnham, William A.; Enderson, James H.; Boardman, Thomas J. (1984). "Variation in Peregrine Falcon Eggs" (PDF). The Auk. 101 (3): 578–583. doi:10.1093/auk/101.3.578.
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