List of governors of Connecticut
| Governor of Connecticut | |
|---|---|
 | |
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| Government of Connecticut | |
| Style | Governor (informally) His Excellency (formal) |
| Type | Head of state Head of government |
| Member of | Cabinet |
| Residence | Governor's Residence |
| Seat | Connecticut State Capitol, Hartford, Connecticut |
| Nominator | Political parties |
| Appointer | Popular vote |
| Term length | Four years, no limit |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Connecticut |
| Precursor | Governor of Saybrook (merged with Connecticut, 1644) Governor of New Haven (merged with Connecticut, 1665) |
| Formation | 1639 |
| Deputy | Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut |
| Salary | $150,000 (2013)[1] |
| Website | Office of the Governor |
The governor of Connecticut is the head of government of Connecticut, and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Connecticut General Assembly and to convene the legislature.[2] Unusual among governors, the governor of Connecticut has no power to pardon.[3] The governor of Connecticut is automatically a member of the state's Bonding Commission. He is an ex-officio member of the board of trustees of the University of Connecticut and Yale University.
There have been 69 post-Revolution governors of the state, serving 73 distinct spans in office. Four have served non-consecutive terms: Henry W. Edwards, James E. English, Marshall Jewell, and Raymond E. Baldwin. The longest terms in office were in the state's early years, when four governors were elected to nine or more one-year terms. The longest was that of the first governor, Jonathan Trumbull, who served over 14 years, but 7 of those as colonial governor; the longest-serving state governor — with no other position included in the term — was his son, Jonathan Trumbull Jr., who served over 11 years. The shortest term was that of Hiram Bingham III, who served only one day before resigning to take an elected seat in the United States Senate. Additionally, Lowell Weicker is noted for a rare third party win in American politics, having been elected to a term in 1990 representing A Connecticut Party.
The current governor is Ned Lamont, a Democrat who took office on January 9, 2019.
Governors
[edit]Connecticut was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on January 9, 1788.[4] Before it declared its independence, Connecticut was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Connecticut did not create a state constitution for itself until several decades after it became a state; until 1818, the state operated under the provisions of its colonial charter. The charter called for the election of a governor every year, but not more than once every two years, with the term commencing on the second Thursday in May.[5]
The current Constitution of Connecticut, ratified in 1965, calls for a four-year term for the governor,[6] commencing on the Wednesday after the first Monday in the January following an election.[7] The previous constitution of 1818 originally had only a one-year term for governor; this was increased to two years in 1875,[8] and four years in 1948.[9] The 1875 amendment also set the start date of the term to its current date; before then, it was the first Wednesday in the May following an election.[10] The constitution provides for the election of a lieutenant governor for the same term as the governor. The two offices are elected on the same ticket; this provision was added in 1962.[11] In the event of a vacancy in the office of governor, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[12] Before the adoption of the 1965 constitution, the lieutenant governor only acted as governor.[13] There is no limit of any kind on the number of terms one may serve.
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See also
[edit]
Notes
[edit]- ^ According to the Connecticut State Library, the official listing goes back to the first governor of Connecticut Colony in 1639, and did not include repeat governors serving non-consecutive terms in the colonial period; this makes Trumbull the 16th governor.[14] The official numbering since statehood includes repeat and acting governors.
- ^ The office of Lieutenant Governor was known as Deputy-Governor under the colonial charter, but the name 'Lieutenant Governor' was predominantly used after independence.[5]
- ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
- ^ a b Elections were non-partisan until the 1790s.[17]
- ^ The Connecticut General Assembly approved the United States Declaration of Independence on October 10, 1776, and resolved that the state's government would continue as established under the charter; thus, colonial governor Jonathan Trumbull became state governor, serving roughly 14 years total.[15]
- ^ Represented the Federalist Party
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l The list of lieutenant governors supplied by the Connecticut Secretary of State marks these lieutenant governors as having no record of their party.[20]
- ^ Dubin does not assign a party to Huntington,[25] but Kallenbach notes he became a Federalist after parties started forming in the 1790s.[26]
- ^ Dubin does not label Wolcott's party in 1796, and labels him Federalist in 1797;[25] Kallenbach labels him a Federalist,[30] while labeling all parties in election returns until 1802 as unidentified.[31]
- ^ Represented the Democratic-Republican Party until 1817, and the Toleration Party after that.[47]
- ^ The specific party names were the Toleration and Reform Party in 1817 and the Constitutional and Reform Party in 1818.[51]
- ^ Sources disagree on when Wolcott became a Democratic-Republican, with Dubin saying either 1817 or 1818,[52] Sobel saying 1819,[51] and Kallenbach saying 1820.[53]
- ^ Tomlinson resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[55]
- ^ Sobel says Tomlinson was nominated by the "Democratic-Republican and Toleration Party Nominating Caucus,"[58] but Dubin simply labels him as Democratic-Republican.[59]
- ^ Represented the National Republican Party
- ^ Both Dubin[68] and Kallenbach[53] describe Foot as a National Republican, but Sobel notes he was nominated by the "newly-formed Whig Party - emerging from the ruins of the National Republican Party."[69]
- ^ Toucey lost the Democratic nomination to Thomas T. Whittlesey.[84]
- ^ The constitutional start date for the term in 1850 was May 1; the delay is likely because Seymour was chosen by the legislature after a close election.[97][96]
- ^ Seymour resigned, having been appointed United States Minister to Russia.[96]
- ^ Represented the Whig Party
- ^ Represented the Free Soil Party
- ^ Holley's party is described as American Republican by the state;[20] Whig by the National Governor's Association, due to early membership in that party;[110] "Union Party", a coalition of Know Nothings and Republicans, by Sobel;[109] and simply Republican by Dubin.[108]
- ^ Buckingham, a Republican, and Averill, a War Democrat, ran together on an fusion ticket in 1862 as the Union Party of Connecticut.[116]
- ^ Averill, a War Democrat, represented the Union Party; he and Buckingham were elected on a fusion ticket.
- ^ a b James English won the popular vote, but a canvassing committee found the election was fraudulent, and named Jewell governor several days into the term.[121]
- ^ The list of lieutenant governors supplied by the Connecticut Secretary of State marks Sill as having represented the Republican Party, but contemporary news on his death reported him as having been a Democrat.[131]
- ^ This term was only from May 1876 to January 1877, due to a constitutional amendment moving the election schedule.[8]
- ^ First election under a constitutional amendment which lengthened terms to two years.[8]
- ^ The constitutional start date for the term in 1879 was January 8; the delay may be because Andrews was chosen by the legislature after a close election.[136][137]
- ^ The constitutional start date for the term in 1885 was January 7; the delay may be because Harrison was chosen by the legislature after a close election.[145][146]
- ^ The constitutional start date for the term in 1887 was January 5; the delay may be because Lounsbury was chosen by the legislature after a close election.[148][149]
- ^ The constitutional start date for the term in 1889 was January 9; the delay may be because Bulkeley was chosen by the legislature after a close election.[151][153]
- ^ Morgan Bulkeley did not run for re-election in 1890, but due to a close contest and controversies, the results were not certified, and the legislature spent two years debating the issue; Bulkeley essentially served as governor by default.[151]
- ^ Baldwin instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.[187]
- ^ a b c d Represented the Republican Party
- ^ Bingham resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[202]
- ^ Since Trumbull took over only one day into the term, nearly all sources describe J. Edwin Brainard as lieutenant governor during this term; however, constitutionally, he would have remained president of the senate and only acted as lieutenant governor. At least one contemporary news source described him as such.[208]
- ^ Baldwin resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[215]
- ^ a b Represented the Democratic Party
- ^ Robert E. Parsons is always listed as serving as lieutenant governor during this term, but constitutionally he likely would have remained president of the senate. However, questions were raised over whether or not they should fully succeed to the next office.[231]
- ^ First term under a constitution amendment which lengthened terms to four years.[9]
- ^ Ribicoff resigned, having been confirmed as United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.[239]
- ^ Anthony J. Armentano is always listed as serving as lieutenant governor during this term, but constitutionally he likely would have remained president of the senate. This is the last time such a confusion would exist, as the 1965 constitution established a solid line of succession.
- ^ Grasso resigned due to illness.[248]
- ^ Rowland resigned due to a federal corruption investigation;[259] he later pleaded guilty to corruption.[260]
- ^ Lamont's second term began on January 4, 2023, and will expire January 6, 2027.
References
[edit]- General
- "Governors of Connecticut". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
- "Governors and Deputy or Lieutenant Governors". Secretary of the State of Connecticut. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
- Loomis, Dwight; Joseph Gilbert Calhoun (1895). The Judicial and Civil History of Connecticut. The Boston History Company. pp. 114–117. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
- Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. I. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466015. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
- Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0.
- Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8.
- Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
- Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
- "Our Campaigns - Governor of Connecticut - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
- Constitutions
- "Constitution of the State of Connecticut". Connecticut State Library. 1965. Archived from the original on March 23, 2009. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
- "Constitution of the State of Connecticut". Secretary of the State of Connecticut. 1818. Archived from the original on April 22, 2009. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
- "Charter of the Colony of Connecticut". National Humanities Institute. 1662. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
- Specific
- ^ "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries". The Council of State Governments. June 25, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
- ^ CT Const. art. IV
- ^ "Pardons Power in Connecticut". Archived from the original on June 13, 2008. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ "Today in History: January 9". Library of Congress. Retrieved February 21, 2009.
- ^ a b 1662 Charter
- ^ CT Const. art. IV, § 1
- ^ CT Const. art. IV, § 2
- ^ a b c 1818 Const. amendment XVI
- ^ a b 1818 Const. amendment XLV
- ^ 1818 Const. art. IV § 1
- ^ 1818 Const. new amendment VII
- ^ CT Const. art. IV § 19
- ^ 1818 Const. art. IV § 14
- ^ "Roster of Connecticut Governors". Connecticut State Library. Retrieved April 4, 2008.
- ^ a b c "Jonathan Trumbull". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "none". Hartford Courant. October 16, 1769. p. 2. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
This Day, the General Assembly of this Colony, elected the Honorable Jonathan Trumbull, Esq. Governor of the Colony...
- ^ Kallenbach 1977, p. 106.
- ^ a b "Matthew Griswold". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ Labaree, Leonard Woods (1943). The Public Records of the State of Connecticut For the Years 1783 and 1784. State of Connecticut. p. 318.
- ^ a b "Deputy or Lieutenant Governors". Secretary of the State of Connecticut. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 157.
- ^ "Samuel Huntington". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Samuel Huntington". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ Labaree, Leonard Woods (1945). The Public Records of the State of Connecticut From May, 1785, through January, 1789. State of Connecticut. p. 146.
- ^ a b Dubin 2003, p. 16.
- ^ Kallenbach 1977, p. 90.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 158.
- ^ "Oliver Wolcott Sr". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ Labaree, Leonard Woods (1951). The Public Records of the State of Connecticut From May 1793 through October 1796. State of Connecticut. pp. 356–361.
- ^ Kallenbach 1977, p. 88.
- ^ Kallenbach 1977, pp. 91–92.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 158–159.
- ^ "Jonathan Trumbull, Jr". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ a b Kallenbach 1977, pp. 88–90.
- ^ Dubin 2003, pp. 16–17.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 159–160.
- ^ "John Treadwell". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "John Treadwell". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ a b Dubin 2003, p. 17.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 160.
- ^ "Roger Griswold". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ Arnold, Douglas M. (1991). The Public Records of the State of Connecticut From May 1810 through October 1811. State of Connecticut. p. 155.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 161.
- ^ "John Cotton Smith". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Smith succeeds Griswold October 25". Hartford Courant. Hartford, Connecticut. November 3, 1812. p. 3.
- ^ Dubin 2003, pp. 17–18.
- ^ Finlay, Nancy (December 2, 2021). "The Revolution of 1817". CTHumanities. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 162–163.
- ^ "Oliver Wolcott Jr". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ Arnold, Douglas M. (2007). The Public Records of the State of Connecticut From May 1816 Through October 1817. State of Connecticut. p. 154.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 162.
- ^ Dubin 2003, pp. 18.
- ^ a b Kallenbach 1977, p. 95.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 163–164.
- ^ a b "Gideon Tomlinson". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Gideon Tomlinson". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Legislature of Connecticut". The Litchfield County Post. May 10, 1827. p. 1. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 163.
- ^ Dubin 2003, p. 20.
- ^ a b c d e Dubin 2003, p. 23.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 164.
- ^ "John Samuel Peters". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "none". Litchfield Enquirer. March 10, 1831. p. 3. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
Lieut. Gov. Peters entered upon the duties of the office...
- ^ Dubin 2003, pp. 20–21.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 165.
- ^ a b "Henry Waggaman Edwards". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Legislature of Connecticut". Hartford Courant. May 7, 1833. p. 2. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
- ^ a b Dubin 2003, p. 21.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 166.
- ^ "Samuel Augustus Foot(e)". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "The Legislature". Hartford Courant. May 12, 1834. p. 2. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
- ^ "none". Hartford Courant. May 11, 1835. p. 3. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
...after the Oath of Office had been administered by Chief Justice Williams, his Excellency returned to his lodging under a military escort.
- ^ a b Dubin 2003, p. 22.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 167.
- ^ "William Wolcott Ellsworth". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Connecticut Legislature". Litchfield Enquirer. May 10, 1838. p. 2. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 168.
- ^ "Chauncey Fitch Cleveland". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Connecticut Legislature". Hartford Courant. May 9, 1842. p. 2. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 169.
- ^ "Roger Sherman Baldwin". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Roger Sherman Baldwin". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Connecticut Legislature". Hartford Courant. May 3, 1844. p. 2. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 170.
- ^ "Isaac Toucey". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Isaac Toucey". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Connecticut Legislature". Hartford Courant. May 9, 1846. p. 2. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 170–171.
- ^ "Clark Bissell". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Connecticut Legislature". Hartford Courant. May 7, 1847. p. 2. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 171–172.
- ^ "Joseph Trumbull". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Connecticut Legislature". Hartford Courant. May 4, 1849. p. 2. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
- ^ a b c Dubin 2003, p. 24.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 172–173.
- ^ a b c "Thomas H. Seymour". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Election Ceremonies". Hartford Courant. May 3, 1850. p. 2. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 173–174.
- ^ "Charles Hobby Pond". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Resignation of Gov. Seymour". Litchfield Enquirer. October 20, 1853. p. 2. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Kallenbach 1977, p. 89.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 174–175.
- ^ "Henry Dutton". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "none". The Pittsburgh Gazette. May 9, 1854. p. 2. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
The election of Governor and other State officers took place on Thursday, when the Whig candidates were all elected, viz: Henry Dutton, Governor... The inauguration of the various officers took place on the same day they were elected.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 175.
- ^ "William Thomas Minor". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Connecticut Legislature". Hartford Courant. May 4, 1855. p. 2. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ a b Dubin 2003, p. 25.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 176.
- ^ a b "Alexander Hamilton Holley". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1857 sess., 10, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 177.
- ^ "William Alfred Buckingham". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ a b "William Alfred Buckingham". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
- ^ "Connecticut Legislature". Hartford Courant. May 6, 1858. p. 2. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ "The Connecticut Mass Union Convention". The New York Times. January 9, 1862. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 178.
- ^ "Joseph Roswell Hawley". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "From Connecticut". Baltimore Daily Commercial. May 3, 1866. p. 1. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 179.
- ^ a b c "James Edward English". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "Inauguration of the Governor of Connecticut To-day". New York Daily Herald. May 1, 1867. p. 10. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ a b c Sobel 1978, p. 180.
- ^ a b "Marshall Jewell". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "Connecticut Legislature". Hartford Courant. May 6, 1869. p. 2. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ "The Election Parade". The Meriden Daily Republican. May 5, 1870. p. 2. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1871 sess., 48, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 181.
- ^ "Charles Robert Ingersoll". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "Connecticut Legislature". Hartford Courant. May 8, 1873. p. 1. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ "Obituary Report". Yale Alumni Weekly. Vol. 16, no. 36. New Haven, Connecticut. May 29, 1907. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 182.
- ^ "Richard Dudley Hubbard". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "'Lection Day". The Meriden Daily Republican. January 3, 1877. p. 3. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 182–183.
- ^ a b "Charles Bartlett Andrews". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "Governor Andrews' First Message". New York Herald. New York City. January 10, 1879. p. 4. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 183.
- ^ "Hobart Baldwin Bigelow". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "Connecticut Legislature". The Meriden Daily Republican. January 5, 1881. p. 3. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 183–184.
- ^ "Thomas MacDonald Waller". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "The Governor's Inauguration". The Morning Journal-Courier. January 4, 1883. p. 2. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 184–185.
- ^ a b "Henry Baldwin Harrison". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "Governor Harrison Takes the Oath and Then Delivers His Message". The Morning Journal-Courier. January 9, 1885. p. 2. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 185.
- ^ a b "Phineas Chapman Lounsbury". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "The Inaugural Ceremonies". The Morning Journal-Courier. January 7, 1887. p. 2. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 185–186.
- ^ a b c "Morgan Gardner Bulkeley". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "Morgan Gardner Bulkeley". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "The General Assembly". The Waterbury Democrat. January 10, 1889. p. 4. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 186–187.
- ^ "Luzon Burritt Morris". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1893 sess., 23, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 187.
- ^ "Owen Vincent Coffin". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "Inaugurated". The Meriden Daily Republican. January 9, 1895. p. 1. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 188.
- ^ "Lorrin Alamson Cooke". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "Lorrin Alanson Cooke". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "The Inauguration". The Day. January 6, 1897. p. 1. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 188–189.
- ^ "George Edward Lounsbury". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1899 sess., 23, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 189–190.
- ^ "George Payne McLean". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1901 sess., 25, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 190.
- ^ "Abiram Chamberlain". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1903 sess., 24, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 191.
- ^ "Henry Roberts". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1905 sess., 23, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 191–192.
- ^ "Rollin Simmons Woodruff". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1907 sess., 23, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 192–193.
- ^ "George Leavens Lilley". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1909 sess., 26, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 193.
- ^ "Frank Bentley Weeks". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "All Connecticut Mourns Governor Lilley Taken Away in Prime of Life". The Day. April 22, 1909. p. 1. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 194.
- ^ "Simeon E. Baldwin". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ a b "Simeon E. Baldwin". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1911 sess., 21, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 194–195.
- ^ "Marcus Hensey Holcomb". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ a b "Marcus Hensey Holcomb". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1915 sess., 26, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 195–196.
- ^ "Everett John Lake". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "Everett John Lake". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1921 sess., 23, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 196–197.
- ^ "Charles Augustus Templeton". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "Charles Augustus Templeton". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1923 sess., 23, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ Sobel 1978, p. 197.
- ^ a b "Hiram Bingham". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ Conn. General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1925 sess., 29, accessed August 3, 2023
- ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 198.
- ^ "John Harper Trumbull". National Governors Association. January 7, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
- ^ "John Harper Trumbull". Connecticut State Library. August 14, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
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