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Ligue 1

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the French men's football league. For the French women's football league, see Première Ligue. For other uses, see Ligue 1 (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with EFL League One or Lao League 1.

Ligue 1
Organising bodyLigue de Football Professionnel (LFP)
Founded
  • 1930; 94 years ago (1930) (officially)
  • 2002; 22 years ago (2002) (as Ligue 1)
Country France (17 teams)
Other club(s) from Monaco (1 team)
ConfederationUEFA
Number of teams18 (since 2023–24)
Level on pyramid1
Relegation toLigue 2
Domestic cup(s)
International cup(s)
Current championsParis Saint-Germain (12th title)
(2023–24)
Most championshipsParis Saint-Germain (12 titles)
Most appearancesMickaël Landreau (618)
Top goalscorerDelio Onnis (299)
TV partnersList of broadcasters
Websiteligue1.com
Current: 2024–25 Ligue 1
The sponsored logo as Ligue 1 McDonalds

Ligue 1,[A] officially known as Ligue 1 McDonald's for sponsorship purposes,[1][2] is the top-level association football league in France located at the top of the French football league system. Administered by the Ligue de Football Professionnel, Ligue 1 is contested by 18 clubs (as of the 2023–24 season) and operates on a system of promotion and relegation from and to Ligue 2.

Seasons run from August to May. Clubs play two matches against each of the other teams in the league – one home and one away – totalling to 34 matches over the course of the season. Most games are played on Saturdays and Sundays, with a few games played during weekday evenings. Play is regularly suspended the last weekend before Christmas for two weeks before returning in the second week of January. As of 2024, Ligue 1 is considered one of the top national leagues, ranked fifth in Europe, behind England's Premier League, Spain's La Liga, Italy's Serie A and Germany's Bundesliga.[3]

Ligue 1 was inaugurated on 11 September 1932 under the name National before switching to Division 1 after a year of existence. It continued to operate under that name until 2002, when it adopted its current name. Paris Saint-Germain are the most successful club with twelve league titles, while Lyon is the club that has won the most consecutive titles (seven between 2002 and 2008). Saint-Étienne was the first club with ten titles. With the presence of 73 seasons in Ligue 1, Marseille holds the record for most seasons among the elite, while Paris Saint-Germain hold the league record for longevity with 50 consecutive seasons (from 1974 to present). Nantes is the team with the longest consecutive unbeaten streak (32 matches) and the fewest number of defeats (one match) in a single season, doing so in the 1994–95 campaign. In addition, Nantes also holds the record for the longest time without losing at home with a run of 92 matches from May 1976 to April 1981.

The current champions are Paris Saint-Germain, who won a record twelfth title in the 2023–24 season. The league has been won on multiple occasions by foreign-based club Monaco, the presence of which within the league makes it a cross-border competition.[4]

Ahead of the 2023–24 season, the number of teams in the league was reduced to 18; four teams in the 2022–23 Ligue 1 were relegated to Ligue 2 and only two teams in Ligue 2 were promoted to Ligue 1.[5]

History

[edit]

Foundation

[edit]

Professionalism in French football did not exist until July 1930, when the National Council of the French Football Federation voted 128–20 in favour of its adoption. The founders of professionalism in French football are Georges Bayrou, Emmanuel Gambardella, and Gabriel Hanot. Professionalism was officially implemented in 1932.

In order to successfully create a professional football league in the country, the Federation limited the league to twenty clubs. In order to participate in the competition, clubs were subjected to three important criteria:

  • The incoming club must have had positive results in the past.
  • The incoming club must be able to pull in enough revenue to balance its finances.
  • The incoming club must be able to successfully recruit at least eight professional players.

Many clubs disagreed with the subjective criteria, most notably Strasbourg, RC Roubaix, Amiens and Stade Français, while others like Rennes, due to fear of bankruptcy, and Lille, due to a conflict of interest, were reluctant to become professional. Lille's president, Henri Jooris, also chairman of the Ligue du Nord, feared his league would fold and proposed it become the second division of the new league. Eventually, many clubs earned professional status, though it became more difficult to convince clubs in the northern half of the country; Strasbourg, Roubaix and Amiens refused to accept the new league, while conversely Mulhouse, Excelsior AC Roubaix, Metz and Fives accepted professionalism. In southern France, clubs such as Marseille, Hyères, Montpellier, Nîmes, Cannes, Antibes and Nice were extremely supportive of the new league and accepted their professional status without argument.

Establishment

[edit]
Division 1 champions (Pre-WWII)
Season Winner
1932–33 Olympique Lillois
1933–34 Sète
1934–35 Sochaux
1935–36 Racing Club de France
1936–37 Marseille
1937–38 Sochaux
1938–39 Sète
Further information:
French football champions

The league's inaugural season of the all-professional league, called National, was held in 1932–1933. The 20 inaugural members of National were Antibes, CA Paris, Cannes, Club Français, Excelsior AC Roubaix, Fives, Hyères, Marseille, Metz, Mulhouse, Nice, Nîmes, Alès, Lille, Racing Club de France, Red Star Olympique, Rennes, Sochaux, Sète and Montpellier. The 20 clubs were inserted into two groups of 10 with the bottom three of each group suffering relegation to Division 2. The two winners of each group would then face each other in a final held at a neutral venue, which later turned out to the Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir. The first final was held on 14 May 1933 and it matched the winner of Group A, Olympique Lillois, against the runner-up of Group B, Cannes. Antibes, the winner of Group B, was supposed to take part in the final but was suspected of bribery by the French Football Federation and was disqualified. In the first final, Lillois were crowned the inaugural champions following the club's 4–3 victory. After the season, the league decided to retain the 14 clubs and not promote any sides from the second division. The league also agreed to change its name from National to simply Division 1. For the 1934–35 season, the league organised a legitimate promotion and relegation system bringing the total tally of clubs in the first division to 16. The number remained until the 1938–39 season.

Because of World War II, football was suspended by the French government and the Ligue de Football Professionnel, although its member clubs continued playing in regional competitions. During the "war championships", as they are called, professionalism was abolished by the Vichy regime and clubs were forced to participate in regional leagues, designated as Zone Sud and Zone Nord. Due to its non-association with the two leagues, the LFP and FFF do not recognise the championships won by the clubs and thus 1939–1945 is non-existent in the two organisations' view. Following the conclusion of the war and the liberation of France, professional football returned to France. The first division increased its allotment of clubs to 18. This number remained until the 1965–66 season when the number was increased to 20. In 2002, the league changed its name from Division 1 to Ligue 1.

Format

[edit]
  • 20 clubs: 1932–1933
  • 14 clubs: 1933–1934
  • 16 clubs: 1934–1939
  • 18 clubs: 1945–1946
  • 20 clubs: 1946–1947
  • 18 clubs: 1947–1958
  • 20 clubs: 1958–1963
  • 18 clubs: 1963–1965
  • 20 clubs: 1965–1968
  • 18 clubs: 1968–1970
  • 20 clubs: 1970–1997
  • 18 clubs: 1997–2002
  • 20 clubs: 2002–2023
  • 18 clubs: 2023–present

Competition format

[edit]

There are 18 clubs in Ligue 1. During the course of a season, usually from August to May, each club plays the others twice, once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 34 games, though special circumstances may allow a club to host matches at other venues such as when Lille hosted Lyon at the Stade de France in 2007 and 2008. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned champion. If points are equal, the goal difference and then goals scored determine the winner. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. For the 2015–16 season only, two teams were to be relegated and only two teams from Ligue 2 were to be promoted,[6] but this decision was overturned and three teams were relegated and three teams promoted.[7] Thus, it was the 2016–17 season which saw the return of a relegation play-off between the 18th-placed Ligue 1 team and the third-placed team in the Ligue 2 on a two-legged confrontation, with the Ligue 2 team hosting the first game.[8]

Previously, the league utilised a different promotion and relegation format. Prior to 1995, the league's format was direct relegation of the bottom two teams and a play-off between the third-last first-division team and the winner of the second-division play-offs, similar to the Dutch Eredivisie, and the German Bundesliga. The league has also experimented with a "bonus" rule. From 1973 to 1976, a rule rewarded teams scoring three or more goals in a game with one extra point, regardless of outcome, with the objective of encouraging offensive play. The experience was ultimately inconclusive. At the start of the 2006–07 season, the league introduced an Attacking Play Table to encourage the scoring of more goals in Ligue 1 and Ligue 2. The LFP, with the help of the former manager Michel Hidalgo introduced the idea to reward those teams who score the most goals. The table was similar to the previous idea, but was independent from the official league table and clubs were only rewarded with monetary bonuses.

In June 2021, the LFP voted overwhelmingly at its general assembly to contract Ligue 1 back to 18 clubs for the 2023–24 season by relegating four to, and promoting two from, Ligue 2 after 2022–23.[5]

European qualification

[edit]

As of the 2023–24 season, as determined by the UEFA coefficient, the top four teams in Ligue 1 qualify for the Champions League, with the top three proceeding directly to the group phase. The fourth-placed team enters in the third qualifying round. The fifth-placed team qualifies for the UEFA Europa League, the sixth for UEFA Conference League. The last Europa League place is determined through the country's domestic cup competition, the Coupe de France. If the cup winner qualifies for Europe through their league position, the seventh-placed team in Ligue 1 will qualify for the Conference League. If France is among the top two nations that earned the most coefficient points from a single season, an additional Champions League group phase spot will be awarded to the team in fourth place; as such the Champions League third qualifying round spot and all spots below will be pushed back one position.

Clubs

[edit]
Main article: List of Ligue 1 clubs

A total of 74 clubs have played in Ligue 1 from its foundation in the 1932–33 season to the start of the 2024–25 season.[9] Currently, Marseille, Montpellier, Nice and Rennes are the only founding members of the league to be playing in Ligue 1. Paris Saint-Germain is the only club to have not suffered points relegation. They earned promotion to the first division for the 1974–75 season and have not faltered down since. Paris Saint-Germain was administratively relegated by the league following its split from Paris FC in 1972, but returned to the top flight two seasons later.

Internationally, the most well-known Ligue 1 clubs include Marseille, Lyon, Monaco and Lille.

Members for 2024–25

[edit]

The following 18 clubs are competing in the 2024–25 Ligue 1 season.

As of start of 2024–25 Ligue 1 season
class=notpageimage|
Location of teams in 2024–25 Ligue 1
Club
 Position
in 2023–24 		First season in
top division 		Seasons in
Ligue 1 		Stadium Stadium Capacity Ligue 1
titles 		Manager
Angers 010L2 : 2nd 1956–57 34 Stade Raymond Kopa 18,752 0 Alexandre Dujeux
Auxerre 010L2 : 1st 1980–81 32 Stade de l'Abbé-Deschamps 18,541 1 Christophe Pélissier
Brest 0103rd 1979–80 19 Stade Francis-Le Blé 15,931 0 Eric Roy
Le Havre 01015th 1938–39 25 Stade Océane 25,178 0 Didier Digard
Lens 0107th 1937–38 63 Stade Bollaert-Delelis 38,223 1 Will Still
Lille 4th 1945–46 65 Stade Pierre-Mauroy 50,186 4 Bruno Génésio
Lyon 0045th 1945–46 67 Parc Olympique Lyonnais 59,186 7 Pierre Sage
Marseille 0048th 1932–33 75 Stade Vélodrome 67,394 9 Roberto De Zerbi
Monaco 0042nd 1953–54 66 Stade Louis II 16,360 8 Adi Hütter
Montpellier 01012th 1932–33 43 Stade de la Mosson 32,900 1 Michel Del Zakarian
Nantes 01014th 1963–64 57 Stade de la Beaujoire 35,322 8 Antoine Kombouaré
Nice 0105th 1932–33 66 Allianz Riviera 36,178 4 Franck Haise
Paris Saint-Germain 0101st 1971–72 52 Parc des Princes 47,929 11 Luis Enrique
Reims 0109th 1945–46 40 Stade Auguste-Delaune 21,029 6 Luka Elsner
Rennes 01010th 1932–33 68 Roazhon Park 29,778 0 Julien Stéphan
Saint-Étienne 010L2 : 3rd 1938–39 70 Stade Geoffroy-Guichard 41,965 10 Olivier Dall'Oglio
Strasbourg 01013th 1934–35 64 Stade de la Meinau 26,109 1 Liam Rosenior
Toulouse 01011th 1982–83 35 Stadium de Toulouse 33,150 0 Carles Martínez Novell

Finances

[edit]

Ligue 1 clubs' finances and budgets are managed by the DNCG (Direction Nationale du Contrôle de Gestion), an organisation responsible for monitoring the accounts of professional association football clubs in France.[10] It was founded in 1984 and is an administrative directorate of the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP). The mission of the DNCG is to oversee all financial operations of the 44 member clubs of the LFP, develop the resources of professional clubs, apply sanctions to those clubs breaking the rules of operation, defend the morals and interests of French football in general.[10]

Following a report by the DNCG, it was determined that the combined budget of Ligue 1 clubs was €910 million for the 2005–06 season, a 39% increase from the 2002–03 season. The prominent reason for the rise was mainly associated with the television rights deal the league regularly signs. Excluding Paris Saint-Germain, many of the top division clubs are extremely healthy with clubs such as Auxerre, Bordeaux, Lille and Lyon being referred to as "managed to perfection".[11] However, recently the DNCG has encouraged clubs to concentrate on limiting their "skyrocketing wage bills and the magnitude of their debts" after it was discovered that the LFP clubs accounts as a whole were in the red for the third consecutive season (2008–2011) with an estimated deficit of €130 million.[12][13] In 2012, the LFP announced that the clubs deficit had been cut in half from €130 million to €65 million.[14] Ligue 1 ranks fifth in terms of revenue brought in by clubs with the league bringing in £0.6 billion for the 2006–07 season trailing England, Italy, Spain and Germany.[15]

In terms of world football, clubs Lyon and Marseille are among the richest football clubs in the world and regularly feature in the Deloitte Football Money League ranking of football clubs by revenue generated from football operations. In the list compiled in the 2008–09 season, Lyon ranked 13th among clubs generating approximately €139.6 million, while Marseille were right behind them in 14th position generating €133.2 million.[16]

In 2016, just Paris Saint-Germain was in the top 30 of the Deloitte Football Money League (ranked 4). From 2017 to 2020, Paris Saint-Germain (ranked between five and seven) and Lyon (ranked between 17 and 28) were part of the top 30.

Performance by club

[edit]
Main article: List of French football champions

Bold indicates clubs playing in 2024–25 Ligue 1.

Club Titles Runners-up Winning seasons
Paris Saint-Germain 12 9 1985–86, 1993–94, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24
Saint-Étienne 10 3 1956–57, 1963–64, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1980–81
Marseille 9 13 1936–37, 1947–48, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 2009–10
Monaco 8 7 1960–61, 1962–63, 1977–78, 1981–82, 1987–88, 1996–97, 1999–2000, 2016–17
Nantes 8 7 1964–65, 1965–66, 1972–73, 1976–77, 1979–80, 1982–83, 1994–95, 2000–01
Lyon 7 5 2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08
Bordeaux 6 9 1949–50, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1998–99, 2008–09
Reims 6 3 1948–49, 1952–53, 1954–55, 1957–58, 1959–60, 1961–62
Lille 4 6 1945–46, 1953–54, 2010–11, 2020–21
Nice 4 3 1950–51, 1951–52, 1955–56, 1958–59
Sochaux 2 3 1934–35, 1937–38
Sète 2 – 1933–34, 1938–39
Lens 1 5 1997–98
RC Paris 1 2 1935–36
Olympique Lillois[a] 1 1 1932–33
Strasbourg 1 1 1978–79
Roubaix-Tourcoing 1 – 1946–47
Auxerre 1 – 1995–96
Montpellier 1 – 2011–12
Nîmes – 4 –
Cannes – 1 –
Fives[a] – 1 –
Toulouse (1937) – 1 –
Metz – 1 –
Notes
  1. ^ a b Lille founding clubs

Records

[edit]
Main article: List of Ligue 1 records and statistics

Appearances

[edit]
See also: List of Ligue 1 players
Rank Player Period Club(s)[a] Games[17]
1 France Mickaël Landreau 1996–2014 Nantes, Paris Saint-Germain, Lille, Bastia 618
2 France Jean-Luc Ettori 1975–1994 Monaco 602
3 France Dominique Dropsy 1971–1989 Valenciennes, Strasbourg, Bordeaux 596
4 France Dominique Baratelli 1967–1985 Ajaccio, Nice, Paris Saint-Germain 593
5 France Alain Giresse 1970–1988 Bordeaux, Marseille 586
6 France Sylvain Kastendeuch 1982–2001 Metz, Saint-Étienne, Toulouse 577
7 France Patrick Battiston 1973–1991 Bordeaux, Metz, Saint-Étienne, Monaco 558
8 France Steve Mandanda 2007–2016, 2017–present Marseille, Rennes 545
9 France Jacky Novi 1964–1980 Marseille, Nîmes, Paris Saint-Germain, Strasbourg 545
10 France Roger Marche 1944–1962 Reims, RC Paris 542
Notes
  1. ^ where player played Ligue 1 games.

Italics denotes players still playing professional football,
Bold denotes players still playing in Ligue 1.

Goalscorers

[edit]
See also: List of Ligue 1 top scorers
Rank Player Period Club(s)[a] Goals[18][19] Games Ratio
1 Argentina Delio Onnis 1972–1986 Monaco, Reims, Tours, Toulon 299 449 0.67
2 France Bernard Lacombe 1969–1987 Lyon, Saint-Étienne, Bordeaux 255 497 0.51
3 France Hervé Revelli 1965–1978 Saint-Étienne, Nice 216 389 0.56
4 France Roger Courtois 1932–1956 Sochaux, Troyes 210 288 0.73
5 France Thadée Cisowski 1947–1961 Metz, RC Paris, Valenciennes 206 286 0.72
6 France Roger Piantoni 1950–1966 Nancy, Reims, Nice 203 394 0.52
7 France Kylian Mbappé 2015–2024 Monaco, Paris Saint-Germain 191 246 0.78
8 France Joseph Ujlaki 1947–1964 Stade Français, Sète, Nîmes, Nice, RC Paris 190 438 0.43
9 France Fleury Di Nallo 1960–1975 Lyon, Red Star 187 425 0.44
10 Argentina Carlos Bianchi 1973–1980 Reims, Paris Saint-Germain, Strasbourg 179 220 0.81
Sweden Gunnar Andersson 1950–1960 Marseille, Bordeaux 179 234 0.76
Notes
  1. ^ where player scored Ligue 1 goals

Italics denotes players still playing professional football,
Bold denotes players still playing in Ligue 1.

Media coverage

[edit]

The LFP formerly had rights agreements with the premium channels Canal+ and beIN Sports. The agreement with beIN Media Group, reached on 23 June 2011, paid the LFP €510 million over four seasons.[20] Following the announcement of the agreement, it was revealed that Canal+ had acquired four television packages, while beIN Sports acquired two packages.[21]

In 2018, Mediapro acquired three of the four major packages of LFP media rights for 2020-21 through 2024, largely replacing Canal+ in a deal valued at a record €1.15 billion. beIN Sports maintained "lot 3", which contained two matches per-week on Saturday nights and Sunday afternoons. Mediapro was expected to establish a new channel to house these rights.[22] beIN Sports later sub-licensed its package to Canal+.[23][24] In June 2020, Mediapro announced a partnership with TF1, under which the new channel would leverage the network's talent and resources, and be branded as Téléfoot—an extension of TF1's long-running football programme. Téléfoot presenters Grégoire Margotton and Bixente Lizarazu would serve as the lead broadcast team for at least 20 matches per-season.[25][26]

Seeking to renegotiate its contract due to the financial impact of COVID-19, Mediapro began withholding its rights payments to the LFP in October 2020.[27] LFP CEO Arnaud Rouger stated in October 2020 that they may have to pursue a new broadcaster if they are unable to resolve the dispute with Mediapro.[28] In December 2020, it was reported that Mediapro were preparing to wind down Téléfoot, after it agreed to compensate the LFP for the two missed rights payments.[27] In February 2021, Canal+ reached an interim agreement to acquire the rights packages held by Mediapro for the remainder of the season, and later sub-licensed Ligue 2 to beIN; Téléfoot shut down on 8 February 2021.[23][29][30]

In June 2021, the LFP resold the broadcast rights packages for Ligue 1 to Canal+ and Amazon Prime Video through 2024, with the two broadcasters paying a total of €663 million in total.[31] Canal+ holds rights to two matches per-week. In August 2023, it announced a sub-licensing agreement with DAZN to stream its matches on a branded channel within the service as part of DAZN's local launch.[32] Canal+ does not plan to renew its rights after the conclusion of the 2024 season.[32]

Awards

[edit]

Trophy

[edit]
Ligue 1 trophy: L'Hexagoal.

The previous Ligue 1 trophy, L'Hexagoal, was developed by the Ligue de Football Professionnel and designed and created by Pablo Reinoso. The trophy has been awarded to the champion of France since the end of the 2006–07 season, replacing the previous Ligue 1 trophy that had existed for only five years. The name Hexagoal was derived from an official competition created by the LFP and French TV channel TF1 to determine a name for the new trophy. Over 9,000 proposals were sent in and, on 20 May 2007, French Football Federation member Frédéric Thiriez announced that, following an online vote, the term Hexagoal had received half of the votes. The first club to hoist the new trophy was Olympique Lyonnais who earned the honour after winning the 2007–08 season.

The current Ligue 1 trophy, which was created by Mathias Kiss, will be awarded beginning with the 2024–25 season. Announced on 17 October 2024, the yet-to-be-named trophy features a hexagonal base at the bottom and a gold-plated sphere at the top that is supported by "1"-shaped columns.[33]

Monthly and annual

[edit]
Main articles: UNFP Player of the Month and Trophées UNFP du football

In addition to the winner's trophy and the individual winner's medal players receive, Ligue 1 also awards the monthly Player of the Month award. Following the season, the UNFP Awards are held and awards such as the Player of the Year, Manager of the Year, and Young Player of the Year from both Ligue 1 and Ligue 2 are handed out.

Sponsorship names

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Explanatory notes

[edit]
  1. ^ French: [liɡ œ̃]; "League 1"

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "McDonald's nouveau partenaire titre de la Ligue 1" [McDonald's new title partner of Ligue 1]. LFP (in French). 21 March 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  2. ^ "Ligue 1 McDonald's : Le calendrier de la saison 2024/2025". LFP (in French). 21 June 2024. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  3. ^ "UEFA rankings for club competitions". UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations. 27 October 2021. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  4. ^ "Prince Albert II, boss Leonardo Jardim hail Monaco's Ligue 1 title". ESPN. 18 May 2017. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Ligue 1: French top tier reduced to 18 teams from 2023/24 season". Sky Sports. 3 June 2021. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  6. ^ "Ligue 1 reduces relegation spots to two". ESPN. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  7. ^ "Ligue 1/Ligue 2 : Il y aura bien trois rélégations/Promotions" (in French). 3 February 2016.
  8. ^ "Les décisions du 14 avril 2016" (in French). lfp.fr. 14 April 2016. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  9. ^ "Bilan des clubs". Ligue de Football Professionnel (in French). Archived from the original on 19 October 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
  10. ^ a b "Rules of the DNCG" (PDF) (in French). LFP. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2010. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  11. ^ Lawrence, Amy (21 March 2010). "Bordeaux and Lyon bring new wave of French optimism". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
  12. ^ "Le foot français dans le rouge". France Football. 24 April 2010. Archived from the original on 27 April 2010. Retrieved 24 April 2010.
  13. ^ "Ligue 1 Focus – Money, money, money…". A Different League. 21 March 2010. Archived from the original on 21 April 2010. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  14. ^ "65 millions d'euros de déficit en 2010-11 pour les clubs pros". Ouest-France (in French). 6 April 2012. Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
  15. ^ "PREMIER LEAGUE TOWERS OVER WORLD FOOTBALL, SAYS DELOITTE". Sport Business. 31 May 2007. Archived from the original on 7 April 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
  16. ^ "Real Madrid becomes the first sports team in the world to generate €400m in revenues as it tops Deloitte Football Money League". Sport Business Group. 2 March 2010. Archived from the original on 1 June 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
  17. ^ "France - All-Time Most Goals in Ligue 1 Zlatan Ibrahimovic Position: Forward 75 Goals 2012- Matches Played in Division/League 1". Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  18. ^ "France - All-Time Topscorers". Archived from the original on 8 December 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  19. ^ "Top guns!". Ligue 1. 24 March 2020. Archived from the original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  20. ^ "Al Jazeera make move into Ligue 1". ESPN. 23 June 2011. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  21. ^ "La LFP choisit Al Jazeera, comme prévu" (in French). Eurosport. 26 January 2012. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  22. ^ "Canal+ loses Ligue 1 football to Mediapro in major upset". Digital TV Europe. 30 May 2018. Archived from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  23. ^ a b "LFP reaches stop-gap TV deal with Canal+ for rest of Ligue 1 season". SportsPro Media. 5 February 2021. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  24. ^ "BeIN Sports scores exclusive Ligue 2 rights in France - SportsPro Media". SportsPro Media. 12 February 2021. Archived from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  25. ^ "Mediapro and TF1 team up to launch Téléfoot channel". Digital TV Europe. 2 June 2020. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  26. ^ "Ligue 1: la chaîne de Mediapro s'appellera " Téléfoot "". RMC SPORT (in French). Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  27. ^ a b "Ligue 1 rights picture in disarray as LFP and Mediapro agree to cancel deal". SportsPro Media. 10 December 2020. Archived from the original on 11 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  28. ^ "LFP ready to rip up Mediapro TV rights contract". SportsPro Media. 16 October 2020. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  29. ^ "BeIN Sports scores exclusive Ligue 2 rights in France". SportsPro Media. 12 February 2021. Archived from the original on 13 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  30. ^ "Ligue 1: Canal+ n'augmentera pas le prix pour ses abonnés, "un cadeau qu'on leur fait"". Univers Freebox (in French). 8 February 2021. Archived from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  31. ^ "Amazon share in French football TV rights sparks furious Canal+ boycott". France 24. 11 June 2021. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  32. ^ a b McCaskill, Steve (14 August 2023). "DAZN launches in France with live Ligue 1 soccer from Canal+". SportsPro. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
  33. ^ "A new trophy for Ligue 1 McDonald's!". ligue1.com. 17 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
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